Homework Due July 22

#1-8, #14-20

1. The frequency is directly proportional to its energy; high-frequency radiation is also high-energy radiation.

2. It is useful to identify particular types of electromagnetic radiation, with each type representing a particular energy range, that together make up the electromagnetic spectrum.

3. Visible light contains chlorophyll molecules that provide energy needed photosynthesis reactions.

4. A. X-rays, ultraviolet, and microwaves
    B. X-rays are used in hospitals to tell if someone has a broken bone; u-v radiation can cause sunburn and skin-cancer; microwaves are used in everyday life to heat up frozen food.

5. UV radiation is useful to sterilize materials because it can kill bacteria and destroy viruses while visible light can only provide energy.

6. Infrared energy is retained by the atmosphere because it is heat radiation from the Sun that cannot reach Earth's surface due to being absorbed by carbon dioxide and gaseous water molecules in the atmosphere; on a clear day, more than 90% of the visible region of solar radiation directed toward earth travels down to Earth's surface. The scattering of this portion of the Sun's radiation by water, air, and dust is the cause of red sunsets and blues so visible radiation can energize electrons in some chemical bonds; UV radiation reaching the atmosphere actually reached the Earth's surface, it is likely that most life on Earth would be destroyed.

7. Certain types of molecules in the air do not absorb the Sun's VU and visible radiation, allowing it to reach the surface of Earth, but absorb any infrared radiation that is reradiated from Earth's surface, thus holding warmth in the atmosphere; earth's surface reradiates most absorbed solar radiation, but usually at longer wavelengths.

8. Asphalt absorbs almost all solar radiation that strikes it, which causes asphalt roads to become hot and radiate heat. Lake water can act like a greenhouse gas and it absorbs infrared light.

14. CO2 and water are both greenhouse gases, which means they can absorb infrared radiation and pass energy, keeping a lot of energy from being lost in the space.

15. A. Photosynthesis, Respiration; Burning coal, burning gasoline
      B. Infrared radiation, greenhouse effect; livestock, fossil fuel

16. A. Greenhouse gas would increase temperature
      B. Greenhouse gas would decrease temperature

17. Solar radiation causes the house to be warmer since the glass exposes the house to the outdoors.

18. A. 
      B. 

19. Coal, natural gas, gasoline

20. Carbon atoms become apart of the atmosphere through diffusion; carbon atoms become apart of the biosphere through photosynthesis; carbon atoms become apart of the lithosphere through burial; carbon atoms become apart of the hydrosphere through weathering.