Final Exam Semester 1: Study Guide
Part 1: All Practices Quizzes
1. How is water needed to make orange juice or an egg?
- 450 L of water is needed to make an egg and 120 L of water is needed to make 1.3 L can of juice.
2. What steps will you perform in the foul water lab to purify the water?
- Oil-water separation, sand filtration, charcoal adsorption and filtration.
3. What is a Histogram and what does it show?
- A Histogram is a graph/diagram that shows the percent recovery of all lab groups.
4. What is the greatest percent of water used nationally?
- 48% (steam/electric)
5. What percentage of water is fresh? Salt?
- 2.8% fresh and 97.2% salt.
6. Indirect vs. direct water use.
- Indirect is hidden uses for water while direct is obvious uses.
7. What two things combined make homogeneous vs. heterogeneous mixtures?
- Homogeneous: substances and solutions
- Heterogeneous: colloids and suspensions
8. Celsius temperature scale.
- Boiling/100 degrees C and Freeze/O degrees C
- Boiling/-212 degrees F and Freeze/32 degrees F.
9. Smallest unit of an element?
- An atom
10. Are all solutions homogeneous?
-Yes!
11. The dissolved substance in a solution is the (solvent? solute?)
- Solute
12. A solution is one type of (element? compound? mixture?)
- Mixture
13. Explain the differences and give examples between solution, colloid, suspension.
- Suspensions and colloids are heterogeneous mixtures while a solution is homogeneous.
14. Which is a compound? CO or Co
- CO
15. Fluoride is added to drinking water for what purpose?
- prevents tooth decay
16. Chlorine is added to drinking water for what purpose?
- To kill bacteria
17. Why is distillation not used to purify most tap water?
- too expensive.
18. Explain the use of gray water?
- Water that can be used twice. (Recyclable water like using left over bath water to water plants).
19. Define the hydrologic cycle.
- Evaporation and condensation, bacterial action, filtration. Water gets evaporated to vapor then goes to the the sky and gets precipitated then down back into the ocean. A cycle is a closed system so no water is created or destroyed.
20. Particles with the same charge put close together do what?
- Repel each other.
21. pH scale measures what?
- hydrogen concentration; acidity
22. Define potable water.
- Drinking water or potable water is water safe enough to be consumed by humans or used with low risk of immediate or long term harm.
23. A molecule that is positively charged on one end and negatively charged on the other is ...
- Polar
24. 100 gm of 25% sugar solution contains how much water and how much sugar?
- 25% sugar and 75% water.
25. An atom is the smallest particle of what?
- An element
26. * Define and give a definition of a physical property of a substance.
- A physical property is property that can be measured or observed without changing the chemical makeup of the substance
- Substance: homogeneous mixture.
27. Tyndall effect proves what?
- The scattering of light to show particles in suspension.
28. After filtration, if there is no Tyndall effect?
-Then particles are not in suspension.
29. Two elements bonded in a definite proportion:
- FeLi (is an example)
30. How is the earth's water distributed, from most to least?
- oceans, glaciers, water vapor, rivers.
31. Why do ice cubes float?
- They have less density.
32. Why don't we drink absolutely pure water?
- Too expensive
33. What do subscripts mean?
- The number in a compound. They let us known how many atoms of an element are there.
34. Catalyst.
- Makes a chemical reaction go faster.
35. What are the three states of water?
- Solid, liquid, gas.
36. What is the density of water? What are the units?
- 1.00 gram = 1 milliter; 1 gram per milliter or cubic centimeter.
37. What is a colloid?
- Exhibit Tyndall effect.
38. What is a solution?
- Homogeneous often molecular sized particles that can pass light.
39. Solvent?
- Dissolving agent.
40. Solute?
- Substance that dissolves
41. Matter
- Space and mass
42. Density
- The mass of material within a given volume.
43. Aqueous solution
- Water based solution
44. Surface tension
- the tension of a surface which particles attract
45. Melting, freezing and boiling points
- physical properties of water
46. Will Na tend to lose or gain electrons? How many? What noble gas is it trying to be like?
- Na is trying to lose one electron so it can be like Neon.
47. Will F lose or gain electrons? How many? What noble gas is it trying to be like?
- Trying to gain 1 and be like Neon.
48. What did the results of the water diaries and histograms tell us about water use among Buckley families?
- We have yards that use most of our water.
49. Which ions have two forms? Cu, Fe, H, O, Mg
- Fe and Cu (Iron and Copper)
50. Define pH. And tell what are in acids and what are in bases and what are in neutral.
- pH is an acidic scale.
- Bases: Drain cleaner, household ammonia, milk of magnesia, seawater, soap, eggs.
- Acids: Stomach acid, lemons, vinegar, soft drinks, oranges, tomatoes, bananas, black coffee, rain water.
- Neutral: milk, pure water, seawater.
51. The speed limit in Canada is 100 km/hr. Convert this to meters/second.
- 360,000,000 meters/second (you get 100,00 which is meters per hour now change it to second so multiply by 60 twice and get your answer!)
52. How many decimal places change when you convert 905 mg to kg? What is the answer?
- .000905 kg. 6 places.
53. Which is positive, an anion or cation? How is it formed?
- Cation and it is formed when an ion loses an electron.
54. Negative and positive ions.
- Anions and cations. Examples are H+ and O2-
55. What is an atom composed of?
- Protons, neutrons, electrons.
56. Why can't water be 100% pure? What is in even the purest of water?
- Expensive; still may have dissolved minerals and gases.
57. how can we help dissolve more solute in water?
- raise temperature
58. What is an unsaturated solution versus a saturated one?
- less dissolved solute versus just enough solute.
59. How to create a supersaturated solution?
- Unusual term; adding salt as we heat it and then we're cooling it down now that it has a lot of solute and for a short time we can keep a lot of solute in solution more than needed or expected at that lower temperature (unless we jiggle it; just touching it causes it out of solution/precipitate now only some solute is in solution and it goes back to normal).
60. Ionic bonds vs. covalent (molecular) bonds.
- Ionic bonds connect ions and covalent bonds connect molecules. Ionic are not as strong.
- Chlorine is an element and the other is an ion.
62. conservation of matter.
- No matter is gained or destroyed
63. Chlorine and ozone are added to water to kill what?
- Bacteria
64. Explain undissolved solute at the bottom of a beaker of solution.
- not high enough temperature.
- not enough pressure
- it was saturated.
Part 2: Quizzes
65. What charge is a proton?
- +1
66. What charge is a Neutron?
- Neutral (0)
67. What charge is electron?
- -1
68. Our water testing cannot confirm the absence of an ion?
- True
69. Copper and iron don't have just on ionic charge, but can have different ionic charges.
- True
70. One NaCl is put into an aqueous solution, it is no longer visible, so there is no way to confirm that it is still there?
- False.
71. When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a positive ion.
- True
72. The atoms of H and O in water molecules are held together by ionic bonds, not chemical bonds.
- False
73. A proton and electron have opposite charges, but the same mass.
- False
74. Solubility is the max quantity of a substance that will dissolve in a certain quantity of water at a certain temperature.
- True.
75. Cl- and O3 (ozone which easily turns into O2 and O-) helps kill bacteria in water.
- True
76. Flocculation means the adding of a chemical to a suspension that helps many particles in solution adhere together, which then are heavier and sink to the bottom, thus purifying the water further.
- True
77. Name the symbols for Calcium and Carbon.
- Carbon: C
- Calcium: Ca
78. In the SI system, what unit do we use to measure mass?
A. Meters
B. Grams-correct
C. Seconds
D. Liters
E. Pounds
79. In the Si system, 1 cm3 is how many ml?
A. 35 ml
B. 5 ml
C. 1 ml-correct
D. 0 ml
E. cannot be determined
80. Which has the least mass?
A. Neutron
B. Proton
C. Electron-correct
81. Salt and water form...
A. homo mix. solution - correct
B. Hetero mix. suspension
82. Milk is a...
- Colloid
83. On the celsius temp. scale, the interval between the boiling point and freezing point of water is..
A. 100 degrees- correct
B. 50 degrees
84. Water is positively charged at one end and negatively charged at the other causing.
- Water molecules to attract, causing surface tension.
85. When you conduct your own solubility curve, what do you expect to be the relationship between grams of solute and temperature?
- Solubility will increase with temperature.
86. Examples of heavy metals.
- Hg and Pb
87. Returned water from the electric company is what?
- Hotter, thus lowering the dissolved oxygen.
- oxygen level goes down; fish can't breathe
Low temperatures
- oxygen goes too high;
pH
-water is completely neutral with base and acids.
lead poisoning from paint or pipes.
left side of p table all loses electrons
and all on right side gain electrons (except for noble gases)
when you add acids to water H+
when you add bases to water OH-
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