Finals Review

1. What gas predominates in the atmosphere?

- Nitrogen

2. What other molecules and gasses are in the atmosphere?
- CO2, O2, CH4, Ne, Ar, H, H2O.

3. Which cause the greenhouse effect? Draw it.















4. How is energy transmitted from the sun to the Earth?
- UV rays and visible light.

5. Which of the sun rays has the lowest energy?
- Infrared

6. CFCs are released into the atmosphere by discarding old _______. What is the danger of CFCs?
- Airconditioners and refrigerators. They destroy the ozone layer. 

7. Why are cows a menace?
- They produce methane.

8. Define covalent bond.
- The sharing of electrons.

9. Define valence electrons.
- the electrons on the outer shell. 

10. Define hydrocarbon. Name and draw two hydrocarbon molecules.
- Hydrocarbon is atoms that only have carbon and hydrogen. CH4 (methane) C8H18 (octane) are examples. 

11. When you burn propane, what gases are released? What else is released? Why?
- Heat is released, H2O is released, CO2 is released because it is an exothermic reaction. 

12. Write out the equation for the burning of methane, including the release of 890 kj (kilojoules) or energy. 
- CH4 + O2 --> H2O + CO2 

Final Review Points: 

• What makes sunsets red? -Light scatters in particles. 
• Allotropes: Graphite, Buckmisterfluroine, soot, diamond
• Carbon has four covalent bonds
• Which are the lowest energy electromagnetic rays? Infrared (heat)
• Photosynthesis is the opposite of respiration. What are the products of each? Respiration: CO2, Photosynthesis: Oxygen
• What is the atmosphere made of? Neon, Argon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen
• Define isomers: different structure, same formula (molecular structures)