Homework Due July 15th

9. Less active metals do not react with any components of air (oxygen is a good example) unlike active metals. Active metals are more difficult to process and refine than are less active metals because they react with more minerals than non-reactive minerals. It takes more energy to become released from their compounds. 

10. Silver nitrate because it won't react with the air components. Copper also because they are both less reactive than zinc or magnesium.

11. They combine with other elements within more stable compounds. 

12. B. because calcium chloride is less reactive than chromium metal. calcium is more reactive than chromium. 

13. A. because zinc is more reactive than silver. 

14. A. Because a reaction would occur with lead(II) nitrate and the iron. 

    B. Fe3+ + Pb+2 --> Pb+3 + Fe+2 

15. Reduction is any chemical change in which a reactant can be considered to gain one or more electrons. Oxidation the reverse reaction where an ion or other species can be considered to lose one or more electrons. 

16. A. Au+3 + 3e- --> Au

    B. V --> Vu+ + 1e- V --> V4+ +4e-

    C. Cu+ --> Cu2+ 2e- Cu+ --> Cu2+ + 1e-

17. A. Reduction

    B. Oxidation

    C. Reduction

18. A. Zinc because it starts out as a metal.

    B. Nitrogen because it starts out as an ion.

    C. Zinc because it gains electrons. 

19. A. Potassium because it starts out as a metal. 

    B. Mercury because it starts out as an ion.

    C. Potassium because it gains electrons. Mercury (Hg) is the agent. 

20. A. Al + Cr3+ --> Al3+ + Cr

    B. Mn2+ + Mg --> Mn + Mn2+

21. A. Electrometallurgy involves using an electrical current to supply electrons to metal ions, thus reducing them.

    B. Pyrometallurgy involves treating metals and their ores with heat (thermal energy).

    C. Hydrometallurgy involves treating ores and other metal-containing materials with reactants in a water solution. 

22. A. Electrometallurgy 
    B. Pyrometallurgy