Farewell Blog

Farewell

Hey guys! Thanks so much for all of your views. I hope this blog helped any of you who had any chemistry questions. 

Sadly this is my last blog :( 

So what I took away from chemistry that I will remember is the studying processes and how to remember old concepts. Study techniques were key to this class and I think I learned how to manage my time better this summer. 

I hope you all have a great Sum13mer. Thanks for everything! 

Finals Study Guide

Final tomorrow! Yikes! Study time!

      *        What makes sunsets red? Answer: Light scatters in particles

·         Allotropes? Answer: Different forms of an element ex. graphite, diamond, buckmisterfluorine, soot

·         Covalent bonds (vs. ionic bonds)? Answer: Covalent bonds share electrons while ionic bonds are magnetically attracted to each other. Covalent bonds are stronger. 

·         Carbon has four covalent bonds:  draw them for CH₄  or C₂H_{6 Answer: (see paper)}

·         Which are the lowest energy electromagnetic rays? Answer: Infrared (heat)

·         Photosynthesis is the opposite of respiration. What are the products of each? Answer: Respiration releases CO2, but Photosynthesis takes in CO2

·         What is the atmosphere made of? Answer: Nitrogen 78%, Oxygen 20 something, Argon, Neon. Clouds and other particles.

·         What is 1 atmosphere of pressure at sea level? Answer: At sea level it is called 1 atmosphere less than 1 in the mountains. There is more air pressure at sea level. 

·         Define isomers. Answer: same molecular formula, but different structrue.

·         Explain separating compounds through Distillation by different boiling points: Answer: elements/compounds all have different boiling points. 

·         What is in rainwater that makes it acidic? Answer: CO₂

·         Define CFC’s and what they do to promote global warming. Answer: CFCs are from old air conditioners and fridges. They promote global warming because they destroy the ozone layer. 

·         How does carbon dioxide affect global warming? Answer: because of CO2 the planet's temperature could rise.

·         Hydrocarbon boiling points increase as the number of carbon atoms increase. Why? Answer:  

·         What produces CO2 and what uses it? Answer: Photosynthesis uses CO2 and respiration produces it. 

·         What is carbon monoxide (CO) and how is it produced? Answer: CO is a harmful compound and it is produced when the reaction of burning methane does not have enough oxygen to fully combust so it makes carbon monoxide. 

·         Define a catalyst. Is it used up in a reaction? Answer: Speeds up a reaction.

·         Define fractional distillation and what it’s used for. Answer: Used for refining oil. 

·         How much garbage does the average person create per day? Answer: 4-7 pounds

·         What byproducts come from manufacturing processes? Answer: use up resources, cause some pollution, pure zinc goes to zinc oxide so it is less useful for example. 

·         Kinetic vs. potential vs. chemical energy Answer: Kinetic is motion, potential has the potential to move, and chemical has the potential to move (in a chemical way) 

·         Why doesn’t an upside down jar lower into water easily? (air) Answer: Air has actually volume so it cannot squish down. 

·         What does it mean to “use up” chemicals? Answer:  

·         Altitude is related to pressure. High altitude = less pressure

·         Molarity is solution concentration

·         Kjoules measure energy

·         When we extract a metal from an ore, are we oxidizing or reducing it? Answer: reducing as we purify it. 

Things for me to go over before the final

1. The carbon cycle: We inhale O2 and release CO2.
Examples: plants use CO2 and solar energy to form carbohydrates through photosynthesis
- Moves in the oceans
- trapped in fossil fuels

2. Photosynthesis: CO2 is needed for this process, so it decreases CO2 from the atmosphere.
- Plants use CO2 and solar energy form carbohydrates through this process.
- Visible light is the electromagnetic waves that provide energy for plant photosynthesis.

Feedback on the summer Chemistry course

1. What has worked well this summer?

- I think that working together in our lab groups has been very rewarding because we learned to work together as a group and assign jobs to each person.

2. What suggestions do you have for tweaking or changing the course?

- Working together on the practice quizzes before we take our mini quizzes. We did that today and it helped a lot.

3. How can we go even further with presentations about individual interests a la Economist reports? Can we make some of them group presentations, even more creative, mini-research projects, or even videos or performances or experiments?

- I like the economist presentations how they are now, but maybe we can try to know our project well enough not to look at the board. I like the idea of videos or maybe powerpoints for the reports too!

4. How can we use blogs more efficiently?

- I think we use the blogs very well now.

5. Should the instructor check all homework on the blogs?

- Yes so he can see that we actually finished our homework.

6. With a new head of school who is calling for more creativity, even in science, what whacky vision do you have for learning Chemistry that has more joy, less fear of G.P.A and more excitement about learning about science?

- More projects that help us appreciate science. Maybe looking for the science behind things that we didn't know had science in it like in music or dancing. 

Finals Review

1. What gas predominates in the atmosphere?

- Nitrogen

2. What other molecules and gasses are in the atmosphere?
- CO2, O2, CH4, Ne, Ar, H, H2O.

3. Which cause the greenhouse effect? Draw it.















4. How is energy transmitted from the sun to the Earth?
- UV rays and visible light.

5. Which of the sun rays has the lowest energy?
- Infrared

6. CFCs are released into the atmosphere by discarding old _______. What is the danger of CFCs?
- Airconditioners and refrigerators. They destroy the ozone layer. 

7. Why are cows a menace?
- They produce methane.

8. Define covalent bond.
- The sharing of electrons.

9. Define valence electrons.
- the electrons on the outer shell. 

10. Define hydrocarbon. Name and draw two hydrocarbon molecules.
- Hydrocarbon is atoms that only have carbon and hydrogen. CH4 (methane) C8H18 (octane) are examples. 

11. When you burn propane, what gases are released? What else is released? Why?
- Heat is released, H2O is released, CO2 is released because it is an exothermic reaction. 

12. Write out the equation for the burning of methane, including the release of 890 kj (kilojoules) or energy. 
- CH4 + O2 --> H2O + CO2 

Final Review Points: 

• What makes sunsets red? -Light scatters in particles. 
• Allotropes: Graphite, Buckmisterfluroine, soot, diamond
• Carbon has four covalent bonds
• Which are the lowest energy electromagnetic rays? Infrared (heat)
• Photosynthesis is the opposite of respiration. What are the products of each? Respiration: CO2, Photosynthesis: Oxygen
• What is the atmosphere made of? Neon, Argon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen
• Define isomers: different structure, same formula (molecular structures)

Quiz Questions I need to go over

1. Which contains the lowest proportion of electromagnetic waves in solar energy?
- 9% UV

2. CFCs affect global warming in what way?
- CFCs don't have any effect on the temperature of the planet and escaped CFCs destroy the ozone layer which protects our planet from the sun's UV rays.

3. Unlike electromagnetic waves, sound waves can travel through a vacuum.
- False

4. Plant photosynthesis
- takes away CO2 from the atmosphere

5. Destroying rainforest
- leads to more CO2 in the atmosphere

6. Driving cars with internal combustion gasoline engines
- leads to more CO2 in the atmosphere

7. Plant photosynthesis depends on which source for its energy?
- Visible light from the sun

8. Every day we create how much garbage?
- 4 to 7 pounds per day.

9. In the Carbon Cycle, which steps do NOT happen?
- Burning fossil fuels releases O2 and decreases CO2 in the atmosphere.

10. How many types of alloy did you make in the Alloy lab?
- Two

11. Can sound travel through a vacuum?
- No, only electromagnetic waves can

12. The alloy in the metal brass has a different hardness than that of copper?
- True.

Blog about fossil fuels vs. alternative energy and vehicles. How do hybrid vehicles help the planet? Electric vehicles? Do some research.

Hybrid vehicles help the planet because they use a rechargeable energy storage system to supplement fossil fuel energy for vehicle propulsion. Hybrid engines are more efficient and smaller than traditional fuel engines. While traveling, other hybrid vehicles use regenerative braking to generate electricity. 

Electric cars on the other hand do not help the planet. In fact, they are environmental destroyers. When the electricity that feeds them comes not from gas-fired and coal-fired power plants (global warming bandits), electric cars are especially not environmentally friendly. They are also toxic. 

where electric cars obtain their electricity

hybrid car parts